The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean

Published:2021-09-10 Issue:6560 Volume:373 Page:
ISSN:0036-8075
Container-title:Science
language:en
Short-container-title:Science

Author:

Grorud-Colvert Kirsten¹²^ORCID,Sullivan-Stack Jenna¹^ORCID,Roberts Callum³^ORCID,Constant Vanessa¹^ORCID,Horta e Costa Barbara⁴⁵^ORCID,Pike Elizabeth P.⁶⁷^ORCID,Kingston Naomi¹⁸^ORCID,Laffoley Dan⁹¹⁰^ORCID,Sala Enric¹¹¹²^ORCID,Claudet Joachim¹³¹⁴^ORCID,Friedlander Alan M.¹⁵¹⁶^ORCID,Gill David A.¹⁷^ORCID,Lester Sarah E.¹¹²^ORCID,Day Jon C.¹⁸^ORCID,Gonçalves Emanuel J.¹⁶¹⁷¹⁹²⁰^ORCID,Ahmadia Gabby N.²¹²²²³^ORCID,Rand Matt⁹⁷^ORCID,Villagomez Angelo⁹⁷^ORCID,Ban Natalie C.⁸²²^ORCID,Gurney Georgina G.²³^ORCID,Spalding Ana K.¹⁸¹⁹¹⁰²⁴²^ORCID,Bennett Nathan J.¹³²⁵^ORCID,Briggs Johnny⁷^ORCID,Morgan Lance E.²^ORCID,Moffitt Russell⁶⁷^ORCID,Deguignet Marine⁸,Pikitch Ellen K.¹¹⁵^ORCID,Darling Emily S.²²¹⁴^ORCID,Jessen Sabine⁶²⁶,Hameed Sarah O.²⁵²⁷^ORCID,Di Carlo Giuseppe²⁸,Guidetti Paolo²⁹³⁰^ORCID,Harris Jean M.³¹^ORCID,Torre Jorge³²,Kizilkaya Zafer³³^ORCID,Agardy Tundi²⁰³⁴^ORCID,Cury Philippe⁴³⁵^ORCID,Shah Nirmal J.¹⁰³⁶^ORCID,Sack Karen²¹³⁷^ORCID,Cao Ling³⁸^ORCID,Fernandez Miriam²⁴³⁹^ORCID,Lubchenco Jane¹²^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA.

2. Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.

3. Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.

4. Center of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.

5. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.

6. Marine Protection Atlas, Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA, 98103-9090, USA.

7. Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA.

8. UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK.

9. IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.

10. School of Public Policy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.

11. National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA.

12. Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2190, USA.

13. National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, 75005 Paris, France.

14. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460, USA.

15. Hawaiʿi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.

16. Pristine Seas, National Geography Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA.

17. Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.

18. ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.

19. Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), ISPA–Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal.

20. Oceano Azul Foundation, Oceanário de Lisboa, Esplanada D. Carlos I,1990-005 Lisbon, Portugal.

21. Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037, USA.

22. School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.

23. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.

24. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama; Coiba Scientific Station (Coiba AIP), Panama City, Panama.

25. The Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

26. National Ocean Program, Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society, Ottawa, ON K2P 0A4, Canada.

27. Blue Parks Program, Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA.

28. World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF)–Mediterranean, Rome 00198, Italy.

29. Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn–National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.

30. National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), V16149 Genoa, Italy.

31. Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Gomeroy Avenue, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.

32. Comunidad y Biodiversidad, A.C. Isla del Peruano 215, Col. Lomas de Miramar, Guaymas, Sonora, 85454, Mexico.

33. Mediterranean Conservation Society, Bornova, Izmir 35100 Turkey.

34. Sound Seas, Colrain, MA 01340, USA.

35. MARBEC, Montpellier University, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Sète, France.

36. Nature Seychelles, Centre for Environment and Education, Sanctuary at Roche Caiman, Mahe, Seychelles.

37. Ocean Unite, Washington, DC 20007, USA.

38. School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 230000, China.

39. Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas de Las Cruces and Departmento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Abstract

Consistency in conservation Marine protected areas (MPAs) are now well established globally as tools for conservation, for enhancing marine biodiversity, and for promoting sustainable fisheries. That said, which regions are labeled as MPAs varies substantially, from those that full protect marine species and prohibit human extraction to those that permit everything from intensive fishing to mining. This inconsistency can in some cases inhibit both conservation and quantifying the proportion of the marine environment that is truly protected. Grorud-Colvert et al . review the consistency of MPAs and propose a framework by which levels of protection can be evaluated and improved. —SNV

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

Reference213 articles.

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