1. Department of Political Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
2. Immigration Policy Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
3. Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
4. Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
5. Center for Comparative and International Studies, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
6. Department of Government, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A 2AE, UK.