Astrocytes Control Breathing Through pH-Dependent Release of ATP

Author:

Gourine Alexander V.1,Kasymov Vitaliy1,Marina Nephtali1,Tang Feige2,Figueiredo Melina F.2,Lane Samantha2,Teschemacher Anja G.2,Spyer K. Michael1,Deisseroth Karl3,Kasparov Sergey2

Affiliation:

1. Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

2. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.

3. Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Abstract

Astrocytes, ATP, Brainstem, and Breathing Astrocytes (or glial cells), previously assumed to be passive players in brain physiology, may play a functional role in a number of complex behaviors. The central chemosensory control of breathing involves highly specialized neuronal populations in the brainstem, but what about astrocytes? Gourine et al. (p. 571 , published online 15 July) now present evidence that glial cells may help to control breathing. A number of techniques were used to reveal glial calcium rises in vitro that elicit a depolarization of neurons in the primary locus for central respiratory chemosensitivity. The depolarization in these neurons is evoked by vesicular release of ATP in neighboring astrocytes in response to the fall in extracellular pH. Thus, brainstem astrocytes have the ability to sense changes in blood and brain CO 2 , and pH directly, and may control the activity of the respiratory neuronal networks to regulate breathing.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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