The Rise of the Rhizosolenid Diatoms

Author:

Damsté Jaap S. Sinninghe12345,Muyzer Gerard12345,Abbas Ben12345,Rampen Sebastiaan W.12345,Massé Guillaume12345,Allard W. Guy12345,Belt Simon T.12345,Robert Jean-Michel12345,Rowland Steven J.12345,Moldowan J. Michael12345,Barbanti Silvana M.12345,Fago Frederick J.12345,Denisevich Peter12345,Dahl Jeremy12345,Trindade Luiz A. F.12345,Schouten Stefan12345

Affiliation:

1. Department of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Post Office Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.

2. Department of Biotechnology, Environmental Biotechnology Group, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, Netherlands.

3. Petroleum and Environmental Geochemistry Group, School of Earth, Ocean and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.

4. Faculté des Sciences, ISOmer, Université de Nantes, UPRES-EA 2663, 2 Rue de la Housinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France.

5. Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305–2115, USA.

Abstract

The 18S ribosomal DNA molecular phylogeny and lipid composition of over 120 marine diatoms showed that the capability to biosynthesize highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes is restricted to two specific phylogenetic clusters, which independently evolved in centric and pennate diatoms. The molecular record of C 25 HBI chemical fossils in a large suite of well-dated marine sediments and petroleum revealed that the older cluster, composed of rhizosolenid diatoms, evolved 91.5 ± 1.5 million years ago (Upper Turonian), enabling an accurate dating of the pace of diatom evolution that is unprecedented. The rapid rise of the rhizosolenid diatoms probably resulted from a major reorganization of the nutrient budget in the mid-Cretaceous oceans, triggered by plate tectonics.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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