“Breath holding” as a thermoregulation strategy in the deep-diving scalloped hammerhead shark

Author:

Royer Mark1ORCID,Meyer Carl1,Royer John2,Maloney Kelsey1,Cardona Edward1ORCID,Blandino Chloé1,Fernandes da Silva Guilherme34ORCID,Whittingham Kate5ORCID,Holland Kim N.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Kāne‘ohe, HI 96744, USA.

2. School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, UK.

3. Department of Marine Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, 11070-102 Santos, Brazil.

4. Ocean and Resources Engineering, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.

5. Biology Department, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA 99362, USA.

Abstract

Fish moving between different thermal environments experience heat exchange via conduction through the body wall and convection from blood flow across the gills. We report a strategy of preventing convective heat loss at the gills during excursions into deep, cold water by the tropical scalloped hammerhead shark ( Sphryna lewini ). Adult scalloped hammerhead sharks dive rapidly and repeatedly from warm (~26°C) surface waters to depths exceeding 800 meters with temperatures as low as 5°C. Biologgers attached to adult sharks show that warm muscle temperatures were maintained throughout the deepest portion of each dive. Substantive cooling only occurred during the latter stages of the ascent phase and, once initiated, was rapid. Heat transfer coefficient modeling indicated that convective heat transfer was suspended, probably by suppressing gill function during deep dives. This previously unobserved strategy has broad similarities to marine mammal “breath hold” diving.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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