Aqueous synthesis of perovskite precursors for highly efficient perovskite solar cells

Author:

Zhu Peide12ORCID,Wang Deng123ORCID,Zhang Yong12ORCID,Liang Zheng4ORCID,Li Jingbai5ORCID,Zeng Jie123ORCID,Zhang Jiyao12,Xu Yintai1,Wu Siying6ORCID,Liu Zhixin12ORCID,Zhou Xianyong12,Hu Bihua12,He Feng7ORCID,Zhang Lin8ORCID,Pan Xu4ORCID,Wang Xingzhu1910ORCID,Park Nam-Gyu1112ORCID,Xu Baomin12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Shenzhen Engineering Research and Development Center for Flexible Solar Cells, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

2. Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong.

4. Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Material, Institute of Solid-State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.

5. Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China.

6. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

7. State Key Laboratory on Tunable Laser Technology, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

8. Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.

9. Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

10. Shenzhen Putai Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518110, China.

11. School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.

12. SKKU Institute of Energy Science & Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.

Abstract

High-purity precursor materials are vital for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to reduce defect density caused by impurities in perovskite. In this study, we present aqueous synthesized perovskite microcrystals as precursor materials for PSCs. Our approach enables kilogram-scale mass production and synthesizes formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI 3 ) microcrystals with up to 99.996% purity, with an average value of 99.994 ± 0.0015%, from inexpensive, low-purity raw materials. The reduction in calcium ions, which made up the largest impurity in the aqueous solution, led to the greatest reduction in carrier trap states, and its deliberate introduction was shown to decrease device performance. With these purified precursors, we achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.6% (25.3% certified) in inverted PSCs and retained 94% of the initial PCE after 1000 hours of continuous simulated solar illumination at 50°C.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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