Fishing for oil and meat drives irreversible defaunation of deepwater sharks and rays

Author:

Finucci Brittany1ORCID,Pacoureau Nathan2ORCID,Rigby Cassandra L.3ORCID,Matsushiba Jay H.4ORCID,Faure-Beaulieu Nina56ORCID,Sherman C. Samantha4ORCID,VanderWright Wade J.4ORCID,Jabado Rima W.37ORCID,Charvet Patricia8ORCID,Mejía-Falla Paola A.910ORCID,Navia Andrés F.10ORCID,Derrick Danielle H.4,Kyne Peter M.11ORCID,Pollom Riley A.12ORCID,Walls Rachel H. L.4ORCID,Herman Katelyn B.13ORCID,Kinattumkara Bineesh14ORCID,Cotton Charles F.15ORCID,Cuevas Juan-Martín1617ORCID,Daley Ross K.18ORCID,Dharmadi 19,Ebert David A.202122ORCID,Fernando Daniel23ORCID,Fernando Stela M. C.24ORCID,Francis Malcolm P.1ORCID,Huveneers Charlie25ORCID,Ishihara Hajime26ORCID,Kulka David W.27ORCID,Leslie Robin W.282930ORCID,Neat Francis31ORCID,Orlov Alexei M.323334,Rincon Getulio35ORCID,Sant Glenn J.3637,Volvenko Igor V.38ORCID,Walker Terence I.3940ORCID,Simpfendorfer Colin A.341ORCID,Dulvy Nicholas K.4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand.

2. Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.

3. College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.

4. Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.

5. Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

6. Wildlands Conservation Trust, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.

7. Elasmo Project, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

8. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade (PPGSis), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

9. Wildlife Conservation Society, WCS Colombia, Cali, Colombia.

10. Fundación Colombiana para la Investigación y Conservación de Tiburones y Rayas –SQUALUS, Cali, Colombia.

11. Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.

12. Species Recovery Program, Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, WA, USA.

13. Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA, USA.

14. Zoological Survey of India, Marine Biology Regional Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

15. Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Environmental Science, State University of New York–Cobleskill, Cobleskill, NY, USA.

16. Wildlife Conservation Society Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

17. Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.

18. Horizon Consultancy, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

19. Research Centre for Fisheries Management and Conservation, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Government of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.

20. Pacific Shark Research Center, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, USA.

21. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, South Africa.

22. Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA.

23. Blue Resources Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

24. Oceanographic Institute of Mozambique, Maputo, Mozambique.

25. College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

26. W&I Associates INC, Sakae-ku, Yokohama, Japan.

27. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.

28. Fisheries Management Branch, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Cape Town, South Africa.

29. Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Sciences, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.

30. MA-RE Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

31. Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University, Malmo, Sweden.

32. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

33. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.

34. Department of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.

35. Coordenação do Curso de Engenharia de Pesca, Universidade Federal do Maranhão–UFMA Campus Pinheiro, Pinheiro, Maranhão, Brazil.

36. TRAFFIC, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.

37. ANCORS, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.

38. Pacific Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO), Vladivostok, Russia.

39. School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

40. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

41. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

Abstract

The deep ocean is the last natural biodiversity refuge from the reach of human activities. Deepwater sharks and rays are among the most sensitive marine vertebrates to overexploitation. One-third of threatened deepwater sharks are targeted, and half the species targeted for the international liver-oil trade are threatened with extinction. Steep population declines cannot be easily reversed owing to long generation lengths, low recovery potentials, and the near absence of management. Depth and spatial limits to fishing activity could improve conservation when implemented alongside catch regulations, bycatch mitigation, and international trade regulation. Deepwater sharks and rays require immediate trade and fishing regulations to prevent irreversible defaunation and promote recovery of this threatened megafauna group.

Publisher

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

Reference75 articles.

1. Deep, diverse and definitely different: unique attributes of the world's largest ecosystem

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3. The deep sea: The new frontier for ecological restoration

4. United Nations General Assembly “Further revised draft text of an agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction” (A/CONF.232/2022/5 United Nations 2022); https://www.un.org/bbnj/.

5. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) “15/4. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework” (CBD/COP/DEC/15/4 United Nations Environment Programme 2022); https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-15/cop-15-dec-04-en.pdf.

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