1. 1. Hardin G. The Tragedy of the Commons. Science 1968, 162, 1243-1248. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/162/3859/1243.pdf.
2. Note: The phrase, "tragedy of the commons" is most commonly attributed to Hardin, but, in fact, the originator of the phrase was William Forster Lloyd, who coined it in 1833 in his Two Lectures on the Checks to Population. William Forster Lloyd, Two Lectures on the Checks to Population (S. Collingwood, 1833). The commons problem was recognized at least as far back as Aristotle, who wrote: "[t]hat which is common to the greatest number has the least care bestowed upon it." Aristotle, Politics, trans. Benjamin Jowett (Dover Publications, 2000), book 2, pt 3, 57.
3. 2. Hardin, supra note 1, at 1244.
4. 3. Schellnhuber HJ, Crutzen P, Clark WC, Claussen M, Held H (Eds.). Earth System Analysis for Sustainability; MIT Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2005.
5. 4. Hardin, supra note 1, 1245.