Human health risk assessment of some important trace elements in boneless whole chicken meat

Abstract

Background: Excessive trace element exposure has been linked to a variety of harmful health impacts. The goal of this study was to track the amounts of several trace elements in boneless whole chicken samples collected from various shops in Amman, Jordan. Methods: Using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), 30 samples were collected and examined for aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chrome (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). The calculated health risk in Jordanians was based on the measured concentrations of these elements. Results: The element concentrations were such that Fe > Zn > Al > Mn > Cu > Cr > As > Pb > Cd > Hg, with As, Cu, Mn, and Zn exceeding the maximum allowable levels. The combined THQs for these trace elements, on the other hand, were 25.22, a value > 1, indicating a non-carcinogenic effects in adult population. As, Cd, and Cr had cancer risk factors that were 46.80, 8.81, and 41.42 times higher than the acceptable lifetime carcinogenic risk (10-5), respectively. Conclusions: Current research shows that Jordanian consumers are at risk of eating boneless whole chicken.