Mediterranean diet and hypertension: Relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet and hypertension frequency

Abstract

Abstract Background and Aims: No study has examined the relationship between the presence of hypertension and the Mediterranean diet ( MeDi) with regard to other cardiometabolic risk factors A retropective study to evaluate the presence of a lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet in hypertensive subjects, to analyze the correlation between the adherence to Mediterranean Diet and other cardiovascular risk factors . Materials and Methods: We analyzed the records and collected the data of the patients admitted to our Internal Medicine ward from 2010 to 2020 with a discharge diagnosis of metabolic syndrome according to the NCEP ATP-III criteria . The Mediterranean Diet Score was used to evaluate the consumption and frequency of the elements characterizing a Mediterranean-type diet. Results : Hypertensive patients were older and had a higher mean BMI . The degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, evaluated by the Mediterranean diet score, was significantly higher in the control group than the hypertensive group. Various comorbidities were more prevalent in hypertensives such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and chronic renal failure .A lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, chronic renal insufficiency and PAD/carotid atherosclerosis and a significantly worse lipid profiles. Conclusion: Our findings show that the in hypertensive patients a lower adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Style is associated with a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile. Thus Mediterrean Diet adherence in hypertensive subjects is associated with a wider cardiometabolic scenario .