Low sintering, characterization of Nd 3+ substituted Ni-Mg-Cu spinel ferrites, containing structural, optical, and magnetic properties for medicinal Applications

Abstract

The citric acid-assisted auto combustion procedurewas used to successfully synthesis cubic spinel ferrites comprising Ni_0.25Mg_0.25Cu_0.5Nd_xFe_2−xO₄ (where x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.1). The presence of cubic spinel ferrites has been verified by X-ray diffraction. Which also showed decreasing crystallite morphologies with a range of 37 to 25 nm. The findings for the confirmation of cubic spinel ferrites are highly supported by FTIR, which shows the creation of two metallic bands. FE-SEM analysis of the morphology of produced ferrites showed aggregation and porous, spherical-like formations. The findings of the UV-vis investigation indicate a violet shift and a range of 1.48 to 1.28 eV for the estimated direct band gap energy values. All synthetic ferrite samples have a vibrating sample magnetometer, which contributes to their soft ferromagnetic nature and the reduction of super exchange interactions.