Affiliation:
1. Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology
2. Alexandria University
Abstract
Abstract
Palm oil possesses promising properties which promote them to be a competitive alternative to mineral oils in the lubrication of machinery. Still, marginal oxidation stability, viscosity, and tribological properties remain critical issues for performance improvement. This paper synthesized palm grease with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-additives at different blending ratios. Grease samples were tested for the physicochemical and tribological characteristics. The results showed that the highest viscosity values are found in case of base oil mixed with 0.1 wt.% ZnO and 2 wt.% rGO, separately. ZnO additives enhanced the oxidation stability by 60% and shifted the pour point from 9 oC to 6 oC. Adding ZnO and rGO to the palm grease increased the load-carrying capacity between 30% and 60%, respectively, and reduced the friction coefficient by up to 60%. The wear scar morphology proved a high competency of the developed palm grease aggregates in comparison with lithium grease.
Publisher
Research Square Platform LLC
Reference73 articles.
1. Promoting sustainability of manufacturing industry through the lean energy-saving and emission-reduction strategy;Cai W;Science of The Total Environment,2019
2. A sustainability point of view on sheet metal forming operations: material wasting and energy consumption in incremental forming and stamping processes;Ingarao G;Journal of Cleaner Production,2012
3. Energy efficient machine tools;Denkena B;CIRP Annals,2020
4. Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pörtner H, et al. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Global Warming of 1.5◦ C: An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5◦ C Above Pre-Industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change. Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty 2018. Available online: https://www ipcc ch/sr15/ (accessed on 18 October 2019).
5. Energy efficient reduced graphene oxide additives: Mechanism of effective lubrication and antiwear properties;Gupta B;Scientific Reports,2016