Immunotoxicity of methanol extract of Entomopathogenic fungi, Aspergillus niger (OM514698) against House fly (Musca domestica) larva

Abstract

Abstract The entomopathogenic fungus obtained from insect cadaver was identified using preliminary morphological identification and species confirmation using DNA extraction by CTAB method. The entomopathogenic fungus strain was identified as Aspergillus niger (OM514698). Methanolic extract of fungal pathogen A. niger (OM514698) was tested against larval populations of House fly, Musca domestica at five different concentrations. At higher concentration (2%), 62% mortality was observed. The LC50 and LC90 values were 1.56% and 3.18% respectively. The interaction between the toxic metabolites and the housefly larva were studied based on their immune response. The immune response includes Total Haemocyte Count (THC), Differential Haemocyte Count (DHC), Phenoloxidase activity. The Total Haemocyte Count (943.7cells/mm3) decreased in comparison with control (1774.6 cells/mm3). Five different types of cells such as Prohaemocytes, Plasmatocytes, Granulocytes, Spherulocytes and Oenocytoids were observed. In the current study, the number of prohaemocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes and oenocytoids were increased in treated than control. Phenoloxidase activity increased than control when treated with methanol extracts of A. niger (OM514698). GC-MS analysis of methanol extracts of A. niger have shown two major compounds such as 3-Deoxy-d-mannitol (37.34%) and d-Mannose (30.77%). The results specify that methanol extract from A. niger (OM514698) could be used as immunosuppressant in the management of House fly larval population.