Learning and Navigating Digitally-Rendered Haptic Spatial Layouts

Abstract

Abstract Learning spatial layouts and navigating through them rely not simply on sight, but rather on multisensory processes, including touch. Digital haptics are effective for creating and manipulating mental images of individual objects in sighted and visually impaired participants. Here, we tested if this extends to scenes and navigation within them. Using only digital haptics, sighted blindfolded participants first learned the basic layout of an apartment and then one of two pathways through it. While still blindfolded, participants successfully reconstructed the haptically learned 2D spaces and also navigated these spaces. Digital haptics were thus an effective means to learn and translate 2D images into 3D reconstructions of layouts and actions within real spaces. Digital haptics are thus an alternative learning tool for complex scenes as well as for successful navigation in previously unfamiliar layouts, which can likely be further applied in rehabilitation of spatial functions and mitigation of visual impairments.