Examining the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Genital Warts among HIV-Infected and HIV-Negative Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Cameroon

Abstract

Abstract Background Current research primarily focuses on high-risk strains of HPV associated with cervical cancer, overlooking risk factors for low-risk HPV infections like genital warts among vulnerable women, especially concerning their HIV serology. Understanding the interplay between genital warts, HIV status, and socio-cultural factors is crucial for informing targeted prevention to alleviate the burden of genital warts in vulnerable populations. Aims The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of genital warts among women based on their HIV serostatus. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among women seeking gynecological consultation at a public Hospital in Cameroon. Data were collected through a survey and medical records, then analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. Results Among 257 women attending the hospital, 60 had genital warts, with the majority being HIV-positive (63.33%). Notably, 67% of these women sought gynecology consultation for the first time for genital warts. The location and types of genital warts were associated with HIV status, with papule genital warts being more prevalent among HIV-infected women and acuminate warts among non-infected women. Additionally, associations were found between smoking, multiple sexual partners, and genital warts among HIV-positive women. The reliance on traditional medicine or homemade remedies (85%) and the high prevalence of self-medication (75%) were also observed. Conclusions Addressing socio-cultural barriers is essential to enhance healthcare-seeking behaviour, facilitate early detection and treatment, and alleviate the burden of genital warts and HIV. Efforts should prioritize awareness-raising, enhancing healthcare access, and integrating traditional medicine into comprehensive healthcare systems.