Capacity Building for Evidence-Based Practice in the Health Sector: Results from Training Needs Assessment for an Implementation Science Program in Tanzania

Abstract

Background: The gap between evidence-based interventions and real-world healthcare practices remains a public health challenge, particularly in low-resource settings like Tanzania. Building the capacity of health professionals in implementation science is crucial to bridging such gaps. This study aimed to identify training needs for healthcare professionals in implementation science to inform the development of a training program in Tanzania. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional mixed-methods study to establish health professional skill gaps in implementation science. The study used a mix of purposive and convenience sampling to recruit 148 participants. A combination of self-administered questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data. Results: The findings confirmed the need for an implementation science training program for healthcare professionals in Tanzania. A blended mode of delivery (online modules and workshops) with flexible durations to cater to busy professionals was proposed. Three exit qualification levels (master's, diploma, certificate) were proposed to target participants at different stages of their education and careers. In addition to the three exit levels, a short course training was also proposed. Conclusions: Knowledge and skills in implementation science among health professionals are highly needed to fill the existing individual gaps and health system demands. The results of this TNA will be instrumental in designing an evidence-based and reflective implementation science training program that is context-specific and relevant. The engagement of key stakeholders in the design and development process was critical for the ownership, effective implementation, and sustainability of the implementation science program.