Abstract
Background: Neonatal acute peritonitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and poses challenges that demand prompt diagnosis and treatment, particularly in infants with disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Case presentation：Here, we report a case series of four infants with acute perionitis caused by necrotising enterocolitis, gastrointestinal perforation, and meconium peritonitis. Laboratory tests for thrombin-antithrombin complex(TAT), α2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex(PIC), soluble thrombomodulin (sTM), and tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor complex (tPAIC) suggested the activation of the coagulation system followed by treatment with anticoagulant therapy in these infants.
Conclusions: Overall, thrombin-antithrombin complex, α2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex, soluble thrombomodulin, and tissue plasminogen activator-inhibitor complex may guide anticoagulant therapy, offering prospects for improving the outcomes in neonates with acute peritonitis.