Abstract
Background
Foreign language syndrome is rare neuropsychiatric condition which usually follows routine general anesthesia. To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of foreign language syndrome has not been previously associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in the existing literature. By documenting the following case, we aim to expand the understanding of NMS's clinical spectrum and highlight the importance of recognizing atypical presentations for prompt diagnosis and effective management.
Case presentation:
A 34-year-old Caucasian male with a history of schizoaffective disorder and multiple psychiatric hospitalizations was admitted for a depressive episode. His condition deteriorated several hours after intramuscular chlorpromazine administration, leading to NMS, characterized by agitation, muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability, typical characteristic laboratory findings, and altered mental status, including foreign language syndrome. Treatment involved discontinuation of prior psychopharmacotherapy, intravenous hydration and medication (biperiden, and lorazepam). The patient showed significant improvement with resolution of NMS symptoms and normalized sleep patterns upon discharge.
Conclusion
Foreign Language Syndrome is a rare phenomenon documented in only nine cases to date, all involving male patients. This report introduces a novel case where Foreign Language Syndrome is associated with NMS in a male patient. This case represents the first documented instance of Foreign Language Syndrome linked to NMS in a male, thereby contributing to the understanding of potential sex-specific mechanisms underlying this condition.