Detection of symptomatic, subclinical, and asymptomatic dengue cases using cluster sampling around index cases in 2022 and 2023 in the Central Region, Burkina Faso-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Detection of symptomatic, subclinical, and asymptomatic dengue cases using cluster sampling around index cases in 2022 and 2023 in the Central Region, Burkina Faso

Published:2024-03-29 Issue: Volume: Page:
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Ouédraogo Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwindé¹^ORCID,Ilboudo Sylvain¹,Bado Prosper²,Compaoré Tegwindé Rebeca¹,Tougma Alix³,Nitiéma Mathieu¹,Zouré Abdou Azaque¹,Belemnaba Lazare¹,Ouédraogo Sylvin¹,Savadogo Léon Gueswendé Blaise⁴

Affiliation:

1. Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé: Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sante

2. Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)

3. Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo: Universite Joseph Ki-Zerbo

4. Universite NAZI BONI

Abstract

Abstract Background In 2023, Burkina Faso experienced the largest dengue epidemic ever in Africa. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of symptomatic, subclinical, and asymptomatic dengue and determine the factors associated with asymptomatic dengue among adult contacts of dengue in the Central Region, Burkina Faso. Methods This cross-sectional study included contacts of probable dengue cases through cluster sampling in 2022–2023. Probable cases were identified from the 5 health facilities (Pissy CMA, Saaba CM, Kossodo CMA, Samandin CM, and Marcoussis CSPS) that reported the highest number of cases in 2021 per district. All participants underwent dengue (WONDFO Dengue NS1/IgG/IgM kit) and malaria rapid diagnostic tests (SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f kit & Standards Q Malaria P.f Ag kit). Samples positive for AgNS1 and/or IgM were tested for serotype detection by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (kit amplification Sacace Biotechnologies, Italy). Results 484 contacts were included, mostly in 2023 (309; 75.18%). Most participants were females (58.64%), mainly residing (24.33%) and passing their daytime (23.11%) in Saaba. The overall burden of dengue was estimated at 15.08% (95% CI:12.01%-18.59). Asymptomatic cases represented 02.89% (95% CI: 01.59%-04.81%), mostly positive to IgM and IgM + IgG. Subclinical and symptomatic cases accounted for 05.99% (95% CI: 04.05%-08.49%) and 06.20% (95% CI: 04.22%- 08.73%), respectively. Of the 58 samples tested by RT-PCR, 3 subclinical and 7 symptomatic cases were positive for dengue virus serotype 3 in 2023. Malaria cases were estimated at 05.58 (95% CI: 03.71%-08.01%). After adjustment, no sociodemographic and environmental factors were associated with asymptomatic dengue. Participants claiming that a virus transmits dengue were likelier to have asymptomatic dengue (ORa = 5.37 95% CI: 1.37–20.98). Conclusions The overall burden of dengue among populations not seeking care in hospitals was quite high, with few asymptomatic cases. Efforts to manage dengue cases should also target non-hospital cases and raise population awareness. The 2023 epidemic could be due to DENV-3.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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