The potential role of microRNA-155 in Neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) are caused by the destruction of nerve cells in the central nervous system and are severely debilitating. The incidence of NDDs increases, and they are expected to become more prevalent with life expectancy. Depending on the number of neurons involved, there are various types of NDDs, and one of the most common NDDs is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Due to the lack of treatment, NDDs had become a significant neurobiology challenge. Therefore, identifying accurate, early, and non-invasive biomarkers of NDDs, are an unmet challenge. The growing importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in biology has led scientists to investigate their potential relevance to neurodegeneration to identify novel therapeutic targets. Recent discoveries have found the role of miRNAs in many model organisms during aging and have revealed potential miRNA biomarkers of NDDs. Among the various miRNAs, the data confirm that miR-155 as so-called inflamma-miR, a potent activator of inflammation, is the fundamental miR in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases because it influences myeloid cell polarization to a phenotypic and functional proinflammatory form. miR-155 dysregulation also plays an essential role in many human cancers, hematological malignancies, and responses to viral infections. Here, we discuss this new field of miR-155 related to NDDs, focusing on AD and prospects.