Assessment of two steroid hormones Progestin and estrogen on cellular model Paramecium: oxidative stress, Mitochondrial swelling and kinetic.

Abstract

Abstract Synthetic steroids like progestin and estrogen, which are frequently present in contraceptive pills, alter behavior, physiology, and biochemistry in life beings. Although, the harmful effects of neosynthesized products are widely researched, there are no reports on their individual or mixture uses. Therefore, this study is to evaluate the effects of each component alone and in combination on Paramecia, a freshwater protozoan, at low relevant ambient concentrations in a ratio that is comparable to that of most recommended by doctors. The cells kinetics test was used to evaluate the acute toxicity of these two steroids, individually and their mixture after 24 and 48 hours. Furthermore, the consequences of oxidative stress were investigated over a duration of 120 hours. While the mixture largely impeded motility, immobility was concentration-dependent, Progestin is less impacts than Estrogen. Oxidative stress responses demonstrated a substantial drop in GSH contents and SOD, CAT activity, as well as an increase in MDA levels and GST activity in treated groups relative to the control (p < 0.01). These results imply that while these two steroids caused a generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Paramecium, this result was confirmed by the mitochondrial assessments respiration and swelling that explain the amount of cellular number reduction.