Loss of STARD7 triggers metabolic reprogramming and cell cycle arrest in breast cancer

Abstract

Cancer cells adapt their metabolism to support aberrant cell proliferation. However, the functional link between metabolic reprogramming and cell cycle progression remains largely unexplored. Mitochondria rely on the transfer of multiple lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to their membranes to be functional. Several mitochondrial-derived metabolites influence cancer cell proliferation by modulating the epigenome. Here we show that the loss of STARD7, a lipid transfer protein whose expression is enhanced in breast cancer, leads to a metabolic reprogramming characterized by the accumulation of Carnitine derivatives and S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). Elevated SAM levels causes the increase of H3K27 trimethylation on many gene promoters coding for candidates involved in cell cycle progression. Likewise, STARD7 deficiency triggers cell cycle arrest and impairs ERa-dependent cell proliferation. EGFR trafficking to lysosomes is also deregulated in breast cancer cells lacking STARD7. Therefore, mitochondria rely on STARD7 to support cell cycle progression in breast cancer.