Affiliation:
1. University of Padua
2. Isfahan University of Technology
3. Payam Noor University
4. Ural Federal University Named after the first president of Russia, B.N. Yeltsin
Abstract
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted mental health worldwide. While emerging research indicates attentional impairments following initial COVID-19 illness, no studies have examined the effects of recurrent infections. This longitudinal study investigated the cumulative impacts of repeat COVID-19 diagnosis on depression, anxiety, stress, and attentional components. Participants completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Attentional Control Scale (ATTC) at the initial diagnosis and again approximately one year later. The results revealed pronounced increases in depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms following recurrent versus initial COVID-19 diagnosis. Recurrently infected participants also displayed deficits in attentional shifting and overall attentional control, despite intact focusing abilities. Notably, negative correlations between attentional components emerged only after repeat illness. Overall, the findings indicate cumulative adverse psychological and cognitive effects of multiple COVID-19 infections over time. This research remains highly relevant despite the waning pandemic by elucidating lasting impacts on mental health and cognition while informing care for "long COVID" neuropsychiatric sequelae. Monitoring cognitive function and assessing neuropsychiatric outcomes should remain priorities in future public health crises.
Publisher
Research Square Platform LLC
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