Multi-Phenotyping and Genotyping of Spanish Groundnuts from Diverse Crosses to Identify Stable donors for Fresh Seed Dormancy and Selection of High-Yielding Stable Genotypes in the genetic background of dormant lines-BLUP, YREM, and AMMI model based stability

Abstract

Abstract Breeding high yielding groundnut cultivars with 2–3 weeks of fresh seed dormancy, particularly in Spanish-type cultivars, enhances the sustainability of agriculture in groundnuts. In this context, we conducted a comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of advanced breeding lines developed in the genetic background of Spanish types. By employing multi-phenotyping and marker data, we identified PBS 15044, 16004, 16013, 16015, 16016, 16017, 16020, 16021, 16026, 16031, 16035, 16037, 16038, 16039, 16041, and 16042 with 2–3 weeks dormancy (> 90%). AMMI1 biplots, ASI, BLUP and WAASB estimates identified the stable fresh dormant genotypes with one more superior economic trait. PBS 16021, 15044, 16038, and 16039 identified with high HPW were also reported having high intensity of dormancy (> 90% for up to 3 weeks); PBS 15044, 16016, PBS 16038 and PBS 16039 with high HKW also reported with up to 3 weeks fresh seed dormancy; and PBS 16013, 16031, and 16038 with up to 3 weeks fresh seed dormancy had high SP. They can be used to develop lines with the desired level of dormancy, and high yields, by designing appropriate breeding strategies.