Assessment of optimal growth conditions for biomass and exopolysaccharides production in the thermotolerant cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. ETS-05

Abstract

Abstract Phormidium sp. ETS-05 is one of the target cyanobacteria species conferring anti-inflammatory properties to the therapeutic muds applied by spas of the Euganean Thermal District (Italy) to treat arthro-rheumatic pathologies. The beneficial mud is prepared by spas following a traditional method, called maturation, leading to the growth of a specific microbiota on natural raw clay irrigated by flowing thermal water at 37–47°C for about two months. The effectiveness of the mud is related to heat, to electrolytes and to bioactive molecules synthetized by the microbiota. A clear role in the anti-inflammatory activity of the muds has been demonstrated for the exopolysaccharides, EPS, produced by the entire microbiota and Phormidium sp. ETS-05. Considering the interest in this species, we assessed its optimal growth conditions to obtain the higher EPS production in relation to temperature, light spectra and intensity and nitrogen availability. Biomass and pigments production were also taken in consideration, as other high value compounds can be obtained in parallel with EPS. We found the exposure to a temperature of 45°C under white light at 100 µmol photons m− 2 s− 1 as optimal to reach the higher biomass (1.13 g L− 1) and an average production of 75 mg gDW−1 phycocyanin and of 150 mg gDW−1 EPS for Phormidium sp. ETS-05 cultured in lab-scale photobioreactors for 9 days. Putative genes linked with EPS assembly and export have been also identified in its genome, some of which have been investigated for their expression levels, opening to the possibility of biotechnologically boost EPS production.