Assessment of Color Effect in Cadmium and Lead Content in the Most Popular Cosmetics Sold in Saudi Market

Abstract

Abstract This study focuses to decide the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in some colored cosmetic products of four types (lipstick, blusher, eyeshadow, and hair dye) available at local markets in Saudi Arabia.48 cosmetic samples were analysed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to measure the content of Pb and Cd.Quality control of the data was achieved by the analysis of Hay Powder, IAEA-V-10 standard reference material from IAEA. The results show that the concentration of Pb in the lipstick, blusher, eyeshadow, and hair dye was within the range of 0.052–2.823, 0.204–1.097, 1.100-2.519 and 0.142–0.187 ppm, respectively, while the concentration of Cd was within the range of 0.001–0.071, 0.003–0.019, 0.022 − 0.0061 and 0.000-0.001 ppm, respectively. The effect of color on concentration was also investigated. The results of this study were compared with those of the previous studies. According to Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), the concentration of Pb and Cd in all samples that were examined were within the permissible levels. Results derived from the utilization of Hazard Quotient (HQ) indices show that Pb had the highest HQ values while Cd had the lowest values in all cosmetics under study. In addition, the hazard index (HI) for lipstick, blusher, eyeshadow, and hair day ranged from 0.02 t- 1.179, 0.08–0.457, 0.459–1.375, and 0.059–0.077, respectively.