Genetic analysis on basmati rice varieties in Indian market using SSR markers

Abstract

Abstract In the world of rice, among the thousands of varieties that are available, inarguably Basmati rice occupies the prime position due to its accoladed traits such as grain morphology, quality, fragrance, taste, fluffy texture, and tenderness of cooked rice. Due to these unique traits, Basmati rice that is exported from India and Pakistan earns triplex price compared to domestic non-basmati rice varieties. Among the Basmati rice varieties, the Traditional Basmati rice varieties which are rich in nutrition values and aroma are considered as the premium class and hence most of these rice varieties are being exported to other countries. In the present study, three hundred and fifty (350) Basmati rice varieties were collected from various super markets and retail outlets across India which were evaluated for allelic behavior using 10 SSR markers. According to UK CoP, only 75 sample qualified out of 350 samples. A total of 77.12% of the rice were Basmati varieties including varieties like Pusa Basmati 52%, followed by 28% of Pusa Basmati 1121. Surprisingly, we could not detect any Traditional Basmati rice portions either partially or completely. Very limited number of brands have 100% Basmati rice, without any adulteration in them. Our findings demonstrate the absence of Traditional Basmati rice in the Indian market despite of being the largest producer of the same.