Abstract
Background: Anti-IgLON5 encephalitis was a rare neurological and heterogeneous disorder, which was mainly found in adults. Epileptic seizures related to anti-IgLON5 disease were rarely reported.
Methods: The autoimmune encephalitis-related antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were tested using Cell-Based Assays (CBA) with immunofluorescence double staining. The antibodies in serum were further confirmed by Tissue-Based Assay (TBA) with rat brain and kidney tissue (1:100).
Results: We reported a pediatric case presented with epileptic seizures, cognitive impairments, and sleep disorders. The presence of anti-IgLON5 antibodies (1:100+) in the serum leaded to a confirmed diagnosis of anti-IgLON5 encephalitis. While the low titer of anti-NMDAR antibody IgG (1:10+) in serum and negative in CSF prevented it as the primaryresponsible antibody.
Conclusion: We described the second pediatric case with anti-IgLON5 encephalitis, who was also the first presented with epileptic seizures as the initial presentation, with coexisting anti-IgLON5 as well as anti-NMDAR antibodies.