The potential role of religiosity and psychological immunity in predicting psychological well-being of diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia within the Bayesian framework

Abstract

Abstract Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the need for additional research into the influence of religiosity and healthy behaviors on psychological well-being. Currently, there is a gap in the literature regarding the relationship between religiosity, mental immunity, and psychological well-being among individuals with diabetes using the Bayesian Framework. This study sought to explore how factors such as religiosity, mental immunity, and psychological well-being differ based on gender and age among diabetic patients, as well as identify the most significant predictors of psychological well-being within the Bayesian framework. Method: The research took place between May 2022 and February 2023, involving 186 Saudi individuals diagnosed with diabetes chosen at random. Once participants agreed, they filled out three scales: R, MI, and PWB. A Bayesian Independent Samples t-test was utilized to test the role of gender and age in R, MI, and PWB, while Bayesian linear regression analysis was employed to determine the predictors of PWB. Results: The Bayesian independent samples t-test results strongly support the alternative hypothesis H1, indicating significant differences between male and female diabetic patients in terms of R, MI, and PWB. The Bayesian factor values are greater than 10. (8.338×10+ 23, 1.762×10+ 25, and 1.866×10+ 24), and Cohen's δ of (-1.866, -1.934, -1.884). These results indicated that females with diabetes have higher means of R, MI, and PWB compared to males. However, the results also suggested evidence for the null hypothesis H0 of no differences in R, MI, and PWB among diabetic patients due to age group, with Bayesian factor values (0.176, 0.181, and 0.187) less than 1.00 and small Cohen's δ of (-0.034, -0.050, -0.063). Bayesian linear regression analysis detected strong evidence that the model including MI is the best predictive model (BF10 for mental immunity is 1.00 and for the other two models are 0.07 and 4.249×10− 16) for the PWB of diabetic patients, while there is no evidence that the model including R or the interaction between R and MI is the best predictor of PWB for diabetic patients. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for direct psychological care services for male diabetic patients and the urgent need to enhance IM in diabetic patients to improve their PWB. Furthermore, results recommended that healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia integrate MI interventions into diabetes care programs.