In Vitro Evaluation of the Virulence Attributes of Oropharyngeal Candida Species Isolated from People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis on Antiretroviral Therapy-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

In Vitro Evaluation of the Virulence Attributes of Oropharyngeal Candida Species Isolated from People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis on Antiretroviral Therapy

Published:2024-05-07 Issue: Volume: Page:
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Author:

Musinguzi Benson¹^ORCID,Akampurira Andrew²,Derick Hope³,Mwesigwa Alex⁴,Mwebesa Edson⁵,Mwesigye Vicent⁶,Kabajulizi Immaculate⁷,Sekulima Tahalu⁸,Ocheng Francis⁹,Itabangi Herbert¹⁰,Mboowa Gerald¹¹,Sande Obondo James¹²,Achan Beatrice¹³^ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, P. O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda.

2. Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

3. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, P. O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda

4. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, P.O Box 317, Kabale University Kabale, Uganda

5. Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Muni University, P. O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda

6. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda

7. Mycology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda

8. Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.

9. Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.

10. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, P.O Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda.

11. African Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda

12. Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.

13. Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

Abstract

Background Oropharyngeal Candida species are part commensal microflora in the the oral cavity of health individuals. Commensal Candida species can become opportunist and transition to pathogenic causes of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in individuals with impaired immunity through ecological cues and expression of virulence factors. Limited studies have evaluated virulence attributes of oropharyngeal Candida species among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) with OPC on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Uganda. Objective Evaluation of the Virulence Attributes of Oropharyngeal Candida Species Isolated from People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis on Antiretroviral Therapy Methods Thirty-five (35) Candida isolates from PLHIV with OPC on ART were retrieved from sample repository and evaluated for phospholipase activity using the egg yolk agar method, proteinase activity using the bovine serum albumin agar method, hemolysin activity using the blood agar plate method, esterase activity using the Tween 80 opacity test medium method, coagulase activity using the classical tube method and biofilm formation using the microtiter plate assay method in vitro. Results Phospholipase and proteinase activities were detected in 33/35 (94.3%) and 31/35 (88.6%) of the strains, respectively. Up to 25/35 (71.4%) of the strains exhibited biofilm formation while esterase activity was demonstrated in 23/35 (65.7%) of the strains. Fewer isolates 21/35 (60%) of the strains produced hemolysin and coagulase production was the least virulence activity detected in 18/35 (51.4%). Conclusion Phospholipase and proteinase activities were the strongest virulence attributes of oropharyngeal Candida species.

Funder

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

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