Analytical and Experimental investigation of Recyclic Type Photovoltaic Thermal Air Collector (RPVTAC) and optimization through Surface Response Methodology

Abstract

Abstract The rapid expansion of renewable energy sources has spurred a growing interest in photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) systems, offering a dual benefit of harnessing solar energy for both electricity and heat generation. Among these, the Recyclic Type Photovoltaic Thermal Air Collector (RPVTAC) stands out as a promising design amalgamating photovoltaic and thermal technologies. However, achieving its maximum potential and efficiency necessitates a thorough performance evaluation and optimization. This investigation encompasses a comprehensive assessment of thermal, electrical, and overall performance for an unglazed Photovoltaic Thermal Air Collector incorporating a recyclic air flow operation (RPVTAC). To grasp the intricacies of system behaviour, an analytical model is devised, encompassing heat transfer characteristics of the RPVTAC through the solution of governing equations governing its constituent components. The model's precision is corroborated by aligning simulated values with experimental outcomes obtained under analogous flow and geometric conditions, yielding remarkable conformity within acceptable margins. Additionally, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed to scrutinize simulated results and fine-tune process parameters of the RPVTAC. The study examines the impact of variables such as recyclic ratio (G), variable air mass flow rate (ṁ), channel depth ratio (D), solar irradiation, and packing factor (P) of the PV module on RPVTAC's performance traits. Guided by the RSM model outcomes, optimal configurations emerge for thermal efficiency: ṁ = 0.1497 kg/s, G = 1.798, D = 3.52, and P = 0.5; for electrical efficiency: ṁ = 0.1499 kg/s, G = 1.799, D = 2.89, and P = 0.945; for net electrical power: ṁ = 0.1499 kg/s, G = 1.799, D = 3.7525, and P = 0.95.