The overlooked contribution of trees outside forests to tree cover and woody biomass across Europe

Author:

Liu Siyu1,Brandt Martin1,Nord-Larsen Thomas1,Chave Jerome2,Reiner Florian1,Lang Nico1,Tong Xiaoye1,Ciais Philippe3,Igel Christian1,Li Sizhuo1,Mugabowindekwe Maurice1,Saatchi Sassan4,Yue Yuemin5,Chen Zhengchao6,Fensholt Rasmus1

Affiliation:

1. University of Copenhagen

2. CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier

3. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement

4. University of California Los Angeles

5. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences

6. Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Abstract Trees are an integral part of almost all European landscapes, but only forest resources are systematically assessed by national inventories, and the extent to which trees in urban and agricultural areas contribute to biomass and carbon stocks at the national level remains largely unknown. Here we make use of nanosatellite imagery to generate canopy cover, height, and above-ground biomass maps for the entire European continent from 3-m resolution imagery. Our country-scale biomass estimates have a systematic bias of only 7.6% (overestimation; R = 0.98) when compared to national inventories of 30 countries, and our new dataset is sufficiently highly resolved spatially to support the inclusion of tree biomass outside forests, which we quantify to 0.8 Pg. Although this represents only 2% of the total European tree biomass on average, large variations between countries are found (for example 10% for UK) and trees in urban areas contribute substantially to national carbon stocks (for example 8% for the Netherlands). The good agreement with national inventory data, the scalability, and the high level of detail across landscapes, including trees outside forests, make our approach attractive for operational implementation to support national carbon stock inventory schemes.

Publisher

Research Square Platform LLC

Reference59 articles.

1. Bastin, Jean-Francois, et al. "The global tree restoration potential." Science 365.6448 (2019): 76–79.

2. "Abrupt increase in harvested forest area over Europe after 2015;Ceccherini Guido;Nature,2020

3. Senf, Cornelius, and Rupert Seidl. "Mapping the forest disturbance regimes of Europe." Nature Sustainability 4.1 (2021): 63–70.

4. "Mapping the deforestation footprint of nations reveals growing threat to tropical forests;Hoang Nguyen;Nature Ecology & Evolution,2021

5. State of Europe’s Forests 2020 Report (Forest Europe, 2020).

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