Performance evaluation of provitamin a maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids for yield and other agronomic traits in southwestern Nigeria

Abstract

Maize is a vital dietary staple in Nigeria, offering crucial nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and micronutrients. However, conventional maize lacks enough of the nutritional precursor for vitamins, necessitating the cultivation of stable, high-yielding provitamin A maize hybrids. This is crucial for combating malnutrition, particularly in rural populations vulnerable to ?hidden hunger?. This study aimed to assess the agronomic performance and yield of newly developed maize hybrids over a two-year period in Ikorodu and Osogbo, Nigeria. Twenty-two improved maize hybrids, two commercial hybrids, and a reference check were evaluated. Hybrid grain yields ranged from 3.33 t/ha (Ife-hybrid 3) to 5.69 t/ha (LY1409-61) over the two years, averaging 4.03 t/ha. All hybrids, except Ife-hybrid 3 (3.33 t/ha), outperformed the reference check (3.92 t/ha), with four hybrids achieving yields exceeding 5 t/ha across the two years. The distribution of precipitation in 2019, with higher and well-distributed rainfall, significantly impacted grain yields compared to 2020. This effect was particularly notable during the flowering and grain filling stages from July to October. LY1409-61, AS1802-15, and LY1409-21 consistently performed well across varying weather conditions, indicating their adaptability to diverse agro-ecologies. Adopting these maize hybrids has the potential to enhance maize output and alleviate malnutrition in rural southwestern Nigeria. The study emphasises the vital role of promoting nutrient-enriched maize varieties to combat nutritional deficiencies, enhance food security, and benefit communities dependent on maize as a staple, which could notably contribute to sustainable agriculture and improved nutritional outcomes in the region.