Affiliation:
1. Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade University of Belgrade, Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade
Abstract
The paper examines the social position and reputation of artists, primarily
painters, in Byzantium and the countries under its cultural influence, in
the area of the socalled Byzantine Commonwealth. It concludes that painters
were treated like all other craftsmen in many aspects of social life from
the time of the Book of Eparch (from the tenth century). Nevertheless, some
artists were highly respected, and this prestige manifested itself in
different ways: prominent painters were praised for their artistic skill or
their wisdom and education, some were engaged as witnesses or guarantors in
court cases due to their civic and personal credibility, some enjoyed a
reputation that stemmed from their other profession - many of them were
members of the clergy (priests, hieromonks, monks, hegoumenoi,
chartophylaxes, metropolitans), some were elected state, city or military
officials, and judges, and some were sent on diplomatic missions.
Accordingly, many painters were addressed by the title kyr (Sir), which also
testifies to their reputation and social status. Others, however, were
forced to earn a living by trading, sometimes even by farming or herding. On
the other hand, sources testify that occasionally figures of the highest
social ranks (emperors, archbishops, metropolitans, nobles) also dabbled in
painting, but they usually did so for fun, and are thus rightly seen in
scholarship as amateur painters and cannot be used to illuminate the social
status of painters. It seems, however, that the artist?s reputation, about
which this paper provides original testimonies and a range of other
indicators, generally did not bring a better or higher social status to the
painters themselves, so until the end of the Middle Ages, much as in the
tenth century, as evidenced by the Book of Eparch, they retained the status
of artisans. To corroborate that claim, the paper brings original data on
the social strata from which apprentices in painting workshops were
recruited and the social circles from which came the spouses of painters or
their family members.
Publisher
National Library of Serbia
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