Physiology of fracture healing: New aspects

Abstract

Introduction Skeletal system has a great regenerative potential, but it isn't the case with other tissues. Bone fracture healing includes a complex cascade of processes at cellular and biochemical levels, ending with a complete structural and functional restoration of the damaged bone. Impaired healing occurs in 5-10% of all fractures, manifesting as delayed union or non-union Such a high incidence of impaired healing certainly presents a problem, and therefore, permanent research regarding physiology of fracture healing is justified. Phases of fracture healing In this paper we described four phases of fracture healing. They are not clearly separated, but overlap. These data are based on contemporary literature and newest achievements in the field of fracture healing. Discussion Many data regarding this phenomenon were obtained from animal studies, but they may also be applied in human medicine since there is a great similarity between fracture healing in animal models and humans. Conclusion Full and complete knowledge of mechanisms of bioregulation of normal fracture healing process certainly presents the basic prerequisite for successful surgical and orthopedic treatment.