State-Level Trends in Lifespan Variability in the United States, 1960–2019: A Research Note

Abstract

Abstract State-level disparities in life expectancy are wide, persistent, and potentially growing in the United States. However, the extent to which differences in lifespan variability by state have changed over time is unclear. This research note describes trends in lifespan variability for the United States overall and by state from 1960 to 2019 using period life table data from the United States Mortality Database. Lifespan disparity at birth (e0†) decreased over time in the United States overall from 14.0 years in 1960–1964 to 12.2 in 2015–2019. Lifespan variability decreased in all states, but states differed in the level and pace with which these changes occurred. Southern states and the District of Columbia exhibited consistently higher (i.e., less equitable) levels of lifespan variability than the nation overall. Conversely, lifespan variability was lower among several states in the Northeast (e.g., Connecticut and Massachusetts), Upper Midwest (e.g., Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin), and West (e.g., California, Oregon, Utah, and Washington). We observe a particularly worrisome trend of increasing lifespan variability for the United States overall and for most states from 2010–2014 to 2015–2019. Monitoring state-level trends in lifespan variability has the potential to inform policies designed to ameliorate population health disparities.