The influence of weather and climate parameters on the winter rapeseed productivity

Abstract

Purpose. To study the influence of hydrothermal resources on the productivity of winter rapeseed. Methods. Field (conducting phenological observations and records), measuring and weighting (for recording productivity and yield), mathematical, statistical and correlational analysis (objective assessment of the obtained experimental data). Results. Varieties of winter rapeseed of different ecological and geographical origin were taken as research material. For the analysis, the conditions of the full vegetation period, “seedlings-termination of vegetation”, “restoration of vegetation-beginning of ripening” and “flowering-beginning of ripening” were chosen as the most critical ones. The importance of using the hydrothermal coefficient as an integral indicator in determining the cumulative effect of climatic factors on the yield characteristics of winter rapeseed plants has been proven. It has been established that the following factors have the greatest influence on the formation of rapeseed productivity: duration of the growing season, the sum of active temperatures and the sum of precipitation under a above +10°C temperature regime, especially during the “flowering-beginning of ripening” period. Conclusions. Hydrothermal conditions affect the productivity of winter rapeseed plants. During the entire vegetation period, the following factors had the greatest positive influence: the length of the vegetation period (in particular, when tfact >0o to +5oC and >+10oC), the sum of temperatures tfact >0o to +5oC, the amount of precipitation. From the beginning of germination to the entry into a state of rest and after the resumption of vegetation in the spring, the following factors have the strongest effect on plants: duration of the vegetation period at tfact >0o to +5oC and >+10oC, the availability of moisture at temperatures from 0o to +10oC. During the flowering-ripening period, the length of the growing season had a positive effect, in particular at air temperature >+10°C against the background of a fairly high sum of active temperatures. The yield of winter rapeseed depends on many abiotic factors, which always provide optimal conditions for the sufficient plant development in autumn and spring, but can negatively affect the flowering of plants, and, accordingly, reduce their productivity.