Formation of the basic productivity elements and quality indicators of grain of forage type winter triticale collection samples

Abstract

Purpose. To define varieties with high indicators of elements of grain productivity structure, the increased content of protein in grain and the lowered one – of alkylresorcinols. Methods. Field, visual, weight, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. Collection samples of winter triticale were studied according to the main elements of productivity: productive bushiness, number of grains from an ear, weight of seeds from an ear, weight of 1000 grains. The content of nutrients and anti-nutrients (alkylresorcinols) in the grain of winter triticale varieties was determined. 33 varieties were identified, which in terms of productive bushiness exceeded the standard variety and interpopulation level (SMR*), 32 – in terms of the number of grains per ear, 37 – by weight of grain per ear, 33 – by weight of 1000 grains. Higher protein content than the standard was found in 21 samples, and 20 – exceeded the CMP. The lowest amount of 5-alkylresorcinols, compared to the standard, was found in the Bulat sample (152 mg/kg), and 15 samples had lower values compared to the CMP. Conclusions. According to the results of the research of structure elements of grain productivity of winter triticale collection samples were differentiated: on productive bushiness – Td-90 (3.29 pcs.), Aztec (3.2 pcs.), Parus (3.15 pcs.), Bard (3.13 pcs.); the number of grains from the ear – Urahan (75.8 pcs.), Borwo (66 pcs.), Yas (65.3 pcs.), Parus (64.1 pcs.); weight of grain from the ear – Urahan (4.10 g), Shalanda (3.53 g), Yasha (3.49 g), Skolot (3.46 g), Td-90 (3.35 g); weight of 1000 grains – Alkyd (63.7 g), Topaz (63.2 g), Zagrava (62.9 g), Dozor (62.3 g), Aztec (61.3 g). Samples with high protein content in dry matter were isolated: Mayak (14.17%); Tsekad 90 (13.91%); Mudrets (13.59%) and Urahan (13.23%). Varieties with the reduced content of 5-alkylresorcinols were identified: Sotnik (292 mg/kg); Mudrets (295 mg/kg); Polyanske (313 mg/kg); Parus (320 mg/kg). Despite the presence of anti-nutritional factors, triticale is a valuable forage crop that can be used quite successfully for feed purposes, but its effectiveness depends on the level of introduction into the diet, variety and conditions of use.