Complex Hydrides – When Powder Diffraction needs Help

Abstract

'Real life' energy-related materials such as solid-state hydrogen storage compounds or components of electrochemical cells are usually polycrystalline, poorly crystallized, highly reactive and dynamic systems. Powder diffraction at modern high brilliance X-ray sources is the most useful tool to investigate such systems because it is easy, fast and extremely versatile with respect to measurement conditions as well as in situ setups. However, it is in the nature of these systems that they undergo processes that cannot be investigated by diffraction alone. The central role in hydrogen storage materials is played by hydrogen itself, the worst X-ray scatterer in the periodic system. Gas release, the purpose of a hydrogen storage material, is not detected by diffraction. Amorphous components are badly characterized. We want to show how a complementary approach combining different methods allows to overcome limitations imposed on powder diffraction by the sample nature of 'real' hydrogen storage materials.