Characteristic of the scree formation process and influence on the development of floods in Nakchivan Autonomous Republic

Abstract

The territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic has complex geological-geo- morphological and other natural features. The large amount of fall in a very short distance, the diversity in geological conditions and climate elements cause the wide spread of slope processes, including slaking and screen materials. The analysis of researched literature materials, as well as field expedition materials conducted and collected in 2018-2023 shows that the mass of scree materials, as well as their geomorphological characteristics, differ sharply from lowland to highland and from northwest to southeast. For example, while the most erosion was observed on the southwestern slopes of the Kapicik, Gamigaya, Gazangoldag, Yaglidara, Ayichingil, Demirlidag peaks, Eshshekmeydani pass, Kukudag, Kecheldag, Agdaban peaks, avalanche activity was weakly developed on the northern slopes of these peaks. Despite the accumulation of a large amount of alluvial materials in the upper part of the highlands, they hardly participate in the formation of floods. However, in the middle and low mountainous belt, they act as a catalyst for floods. Such danger exists for all river basins of the autonomous republic. However, the fact that the slopes of the northwestern part are less inclined compared to the slopes of the southeastern part significantly reduces this danger. Catastrophic floods in Ordubad, Ganza, and Kotamchay basins have become commonplace every 3-5 years. The activity of slaking and scree formation process and flood formation because of this makes the study of the cause of it an important issue. A geomorphological stress map of the area was drawn up with the joint analysis of the horizontal and vertical division of the terrain, as well as surface inclination angles. At this time, the results of the studies carried out in previous years were analyzed. The square of weak stress area is (1) 1262,622 km2; square of moderately stressed area (2) 1514,791 km2; square of tense territory (3) 1319,102 km2; square of high voltage area (4) 778.4616 km2; The area of the anomalously stressed area (5) is 627,034 km2. The analysis of the map allows us to show the main distribution areas of debris-fall materials, as well as to determine the areas that lead to the development of other dangerous exo dynamic processes such as avalanches, rock falls, landslides, floods, etc.