Abstract
Spiritual Intelligence (SI) is considered the most basic form of intelligence which enables an individual to deeply understand him and others and thus helps in achieving happiness and well-being in life (Subraniam & Panchanatham, 2015). The objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between spiritual intelligence, happiness and psychological adjustment in university students. A total of 350 students (Men = 175; Women = 175) were recruited from the universities of Lahore, Pakistan. The age of participants ranges between 18-30 years (M = 21.76; SD = 2.07). Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24), Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS), and Psychological Adjustment Scale were used to assess spiritual intelligence, happiness, and psychological adjustment, respectively. Results revealed that spiritual intelligence significantly relates to and predicts happiness and psychological adjustment. As compared to men, psychological adjustment and spiritual intelligence were found to be higher in women. To conclude, students having higher spiritual intelligence are more likely to be happier and show better psychological adjustment, when compared to those who showed lower spiritual intelligence. In the future, spiritual intelligence-fostering programs such as community activities, orientation programs, spiritual seminars, counseling, and classroom activities could be catered for students.
Publisher
Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology, Institute of Psychological Research
Reference39 articles.
1. Ahoei, K., Faramarzi, M., & Hassanzadeh, R. (2017). The Relationship Between Spiritual Intelligence and Psychological Well-Being in Women with Breast Cancer. Shiraz E Medical Journal, 18(10). https://doi.org/10.5812/semj.15103
2. Amirian, M.-E., & Fazilat-Pour, M. (2015). Simple and Multivariate Relationships Between Spiritual Intelligence with General Health and Happiness. Journal of Religion & Health, 55(4), 1275–1288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-015-0004-y
3. Anwar, S., & Rana, H. (2023). Spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being of Pakistani University students. Current Psychology, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04717-8
4. Azizi, M., & Zamaniyan, M. (2013). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and vocabulary learning strategies in EFL learners. Theory & Practice in Language Studies, 3(5), https://doi.org/10.4304/tpls.3.5.852-858
5. Babanazari, L., Askari, P., & Honarmand, M. M. (2012). Spiritual intelligence and happiness for adolescents in high schools. Life Science Journal, 9, 2296 – 2299.http://www.lifesciencesite.com