Enamel and Dentin Microhardness and Chemical Composition After Experimental Light-activated Bleaching

Author:

Klaric E1,Rakic M2,Sever I3,Milat O4,Par M5,Tarle Z6

Affiliation:

1. Eva Klaric, PhD, DMD, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Zagreb, Croatia

2. Mario Rakic, PhD, Institute of Physics, Laboratory for Femtosecond Spectroscopy, Zagreb, Croatia

3. Ivan Sever, MSc, Institute for Tourism, Zagreb, Croatia

4. Ognjen Milat, PhD, Institute of Physics, Zagreb, Croatia

5. Matej Par, DMD, private practice, Zagreb, Croatia

6. Zrinka Tarle, PhD, DMD, professor, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

SUMMARY Objectives To evaluate 1) the influence of five bleaching agents (with additional light activation) on enamel and dentin surface microhardness and chemical composition and 2) the remineralizing potential of artificial saliva and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). Methods and Materials The study was conducted on 125 human third molars dissected into quarters for separate enamel and dentin measurements. The bleaching process was performed with 38% and 25% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and 30%, 16%, and 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) gels two times for 15 minutes each time. All bleaching gels were tested alone and in combination with ZOOM2, light-emitting diode (LED), organic LED, and femtosecond laser. A total of 25 bleaching combinations (n=10) were evaluated. Microhardness was measured by a Vickers diamond. Chemical analysis was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results Bleaching agents used in the absence of light activation caused a significant reduction in enamel and dentin surface microhardness (p<0.001), ranging from 8% for 16% CP to 40% for 25% HP. The effects of different light activations were negligible. After two-week treatment with ACP and artificial saliva, maximum deviation from baseline microhardness was just 3%. Such treatment increased the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and fluorine. Conclusions An increase in peroxide concentration and gel acidity negatively affected microhardness and concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in enamel and dentin. ACP and artificial saliva stimulated the remineralization of hard tissues.

Publisher

Operative Dentistry

Subject

General Dentistry

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