An algorithm of optimal distribution of equipment for fire stations

Abstract

The object of the study is the process of functioning of fire stations, and the subject of the study is the distribution of equipment between units serving a certain area. An algorithm of the optimal distribution of equipment for fire stations was built. In practice, it opens up opportunities to reduce the time it takes for firefighting units to reach the place of call by changing the service areas of the units. The model is based on the assumption of the sufficiency of forces and means in fire stations to carry out rescue operations and eliminate fires in the area of their service. The model is based on the division of the entire area of responsibility into separate sub-areas or the selection of individual objects for which a list of possible emergency situations related to fires, their frequency, forces and means necessary for their elimination is known. The task of optimally determining the area of responsibility of rescue units is formulated. The optimization criterion is the minimum time for units to follow from the location to the place of call. The objective function includes both the follow-up time and the number of units of equipment involved in eliminating the accident. This allows you to take into account the complexity of the emergency situation, since more complex situations will require the involvement of a larger number of equipment and units. The limitations of the task are determined by the available forces and means in operational and rescue units. An algorithm for the optimal distribution of equipment between existing operational and rescue units has been built. It is shown that the domain of admissible solutions is convex. The built model can be used to determine the service areas of already existing fire stations, as well as when choosing the locations of additional fire stations.