The effect of coupling agent on the mechanical properties of injection molded polypropylene/wheat straw composites

Abstract

The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as coupling agent in polypropylene (PP)-based composites filled with ground wheat straw (WS) particles. The WS and the MAPP content in the composites was 10 wt% and 2 wt%, respectively. The samples were fabricated through melt compounding using a twin-screw extruder and then formed into dumbbell-shaped specimens by injection molding. The mechanical properties of neat PP and the composites with and without coupling were evaluated based on tensile and flexural tests and dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA). The experimental results showed that incorporating WS into the PP reduces its tensile strength by ~3 MPa, while improving its Young’s modulus by 0.14 GPa. The addition of MAPP compensated for the loss in tensile strength without affecting the modulus. Similar observations were made during the flexural tests as well, in which case, however, there was no loss revealed in the strength in the presence of WS due to the different types of load. The results of DMA analyses indicated an improved stiffness of WS-containing samples throughout the whole analyzed temperature range of 20-120 °C as a consequence of reduced chain mobility of PP caused by the stiff straw particles.