1. Tobin's Q can therefore be defined as conceptually equivalent to the value added by management, as determined by the market. Sources: Investopedia; DBCCA analysis 2012 67 "A tale of values-driven and profit-seeking social investors;Journal of Banking and Finance,2011
2. and another study found a positive relationship between E and market based performance and a mixed relationship between E and accounting based performance (study: "Financial Outcomes of Environmental Risk and Opportunity for US Companies;& Konar;The Review of Economics and Statistics,2001
3. Only one study found a neutral relationship between E and market based performance (study;Journal of Banking and Finance,2011