1. Journeys in Holy Lands: The evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael legends in Islamic exegesis;See Ronald;The Journal of Religious Ethics,1982
2. All the translations from the Jewish Bible are from the King James Version of the Holy Bible;Genesis
3. Genesis Rabbah, and Rashioffer a story to explain why God tried Abraham in the first place. In an argument between Ishmael and Isaac about who is the chosen child;Several Jewish exegetes -Targum Pseudo Jonathan