1. Professor at the University of Genova from 1860, Senator in 1877, he directed the sixth edition of;Gerolamo Boccardo;He was the author of publications in economics, finance and geography
2. In 1871 he became the first Professor of Public finance in Italy at the University of Rome. Centre-right member of the Camera between 1870 and 1921, he was also Minister of Education (1888);Paolo Boselli;of Agriculture (1893), of Finance
3. President of Banco di Roma in 1945, he became executive director of the Bank of International Settlements between 1947 and 1951. In 1953 he was appointed Minister of Foreign Trade. He wrote for;Costantino Bresciani Turroni;Corriere della Sera