1. Yet, economic-Utility functions as well as a statistical Expectations approach can be avoided, by starting in the middle of the problem (as with the Heath-Jarrow-Morton contrast of the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross approach toward modeling interest rate stochasticity). Namely, as steps: (1) set aside Utility specification, (2) provide MST specification, and (3) apply to address financial economic questions. Accordingly, formula parameters can be avoided, and mu and sigma would simply represent statistical Movements. Hence, Experimental Design could focus on Mean and Standard Deviation preference, even with asterisked attention to Skewness, Kurtosis, etc., even still being visualized in Cartesian 2D (as (sigma, mu) points). Naturally, such would go far to identify the Borch Paradox as a Malinas Type 2 (misperception) paradox. And such an Asterisked-Mu-Sigma Framing would help reclaim what "modern finance theory" and "modern portfolio theory" has MacKenzie "swept away;AE3E), it is apparently more challenging to mathematically identify more-rational alternatives to Ito calculus. Yet, once valid Ito-alternatives are identified,1952
2. In addition, the rhetoric of analogy can be explored toward an Aristophanic aggregation as Birds-Clouds-Wasps (BCW). Namely, Rhetorical Finance dates back to at least The Clouds (423 BC), as a comedy about argumentation toward the legitimacy of default. Where The Clouds pokes fun at Sophistry, and The Birds (414 BC) pokes fun at creating an imaginary world to, among other things, escape apparent disrespect/injustice in the real world and to "create a great city in the sky, and thus regain their status as the original gods;The Birds (play)," accessed as recently as,1969
3. On the Risk-Return Trade-Off in the Valuation of Assets;Michael Adler;The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,1969