1. the aging rate of ethnic minorities increased by 2.6%. Future projections (2020-2050) suggest an average annual growth rate of 4.0% (S1 scenario). However, under the S3 scenario, which significantly reduces PAD, the aging rate is expected to be 3.5%. Reducing the ethnic minority aging rate to 3.5% could prevent approximately 2,213.1 thousand deaths in Sichuan and Chongqing, offsetting 64.8% of future births. To mitigate air pollution health risks, the Sichuan-Chongqing region should improve air quality monitoring and communication, particularly for the elderly and ethnic minorities. The EPA's "AirNow" app, offering AQI updates and health advice in multiple languages, is a good model. Similarly, Australia's approach to including Indigenous cultures and languages in environmental protection is commendable. Indoor air pollution, exacerbated by solid fuel use, also demands attention, as it significantly impacts health 44 . Promoting clean cooking and heating, along with offering free or subsidized health check-ups for the elderly, focusing on respiratory diseases, are crucial steps 45;Medical institutions,2000
2. First close insight into global daily gapless 1 km PM(2.5) pollution, variability, and health impact;J Wei;Nat Commun,2023
3. Population ageing and deaths attributable to ambient PM(2.5) pollution: a global analysis of economic cost;H Yin;Lancet Planet Health,2021