1. the improper influence or action must be a "but for" cause of Defendant's confession. The mere presence of the improper action is not enough to make the statement involuntary;order to render a confession "involuntary,1986
2. 242 (1993) (concern is whether an improper influence was pivotal in producing confession from one who would not have confessed but for improper influence);State, 97 Md. App